近(jin)年(nian)來，AGV叉車作為傳統的(de)(de)裝卸機(ji)器人，在裝卸設備中處于主要地(di)位，市場需求逐漸增加(jia)，AGV機(ji)器人生產廠(chang)家的(de)(de)產量也在逐步(bu)增加(jia)。在實踐中，AGV的(de)(de)電源直接影響(xiang)AGV的(de)(de)電池壽命，成為AGV高效運行的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。

AGV無人駕駛車輛中常用的幾種電池(chi)類型有：鎳鎘電池(chi)、鎳氫電池(chi)、鋰電池(chi)和(he)鉛酸電池(chi)等，下面詳細介(jie)紹了它們各自的特性(xing)：

1、鎳鎘蓄電池

正(zheng)極活(huo)性物質(zhi)主要(yao)由鎳(nie)制(zhi)成，負極活(huo)性物質(zhi)主要(yao)由鎘(ge)制(zhi)成。AGV汽車用(yong)鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內阻大，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大，電(dian)(dian)壓變(bian)化小。與其他類型(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)相比，鎘(ge)鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)能承(cheng)受過(guo)(guo)充(chong)或過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)，操(cao)作簡單方便。根據放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓約(yue)為1.2V。鎘(ge)鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)壓為1.0v/芯，實際溫度范(fan)圍(wei)為-20℃-60℃。在此范(fan)圍(wei)內，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)可重復(fu)500次以上(shang)。

2、鎳氫蓄電池

一(yi)(yi)種鹼性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，其(qi)正極(ji)活性(xing)物質主要由(you)鎳(nie)制成，負極(ji)活性(xing)物質主要由(you)儲氫合金制成。鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池是鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的一(yi)(yi)個改進，提(ti)供(gong)更(geng)高(gao)的容量，較少明(ming)顯的記憶效(xiao)果，并(bing)減少環(huan)境污染，在同樣的價(jia)格(ge)。可在專用充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器中快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)(yi)小時(shi)可快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)優于鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可保(bao)持(chi)更(geng)長時(shi)間，可重復(fu)500次以上(shang)。

3、鉛酸蓄電池

電(dian)極主要由(you)鉛及其氧化物(wu)制成(cheng)(cheng)。電(dian)解液是一種(zhong)硫酸(suan)溶液蓄電(dian)池(chi)。鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)是應用(yong)(yong)最廣(guang)泛的蓄電(dian)池(chi)之一。本(ben)(ben)實用(yong)(yong)新型具(ju)有可逆(ni)性好(hao)、電(dian)壓特性穩定、使用(yong)(yong)壽命長、適用(yong)(yong)范圍廣(guang)、原材料豐富、使用(yong)(yong)可再生、成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)(ben)低等優點。

4、鋰電池

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)一類(lei)由(you)鋰(li)金屬或鋰(li)合(he)金為負極(ji)進(jin)行(xing)材料、使(shi)用非水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。它擁有一種高能(neng)(neng)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子密度(du)。與高容量(liang)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術相比，能(neng)(neng)量(liang)分布密度(du)是(shi)其(qi)2倍。高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，平均 使(shi)用不同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為3.6V，是(shi)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，鎳氫動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的3倍。使(shi)用一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓比較平坦而且具有高容量(liang)，廣泛的使(shi)用環境溫度(du)-20度(du)-60度(du)，充(chong)放(fang)壽命長，經過500次(ci)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后其(qi)容量(liang)可(ke)以(yi)至少我們還有70%以(yi)上。由(you)于我國鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)企業具備(bei)了能(neng)(neng)量(liang)信息密度(du)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高，工作發展穩定的特點，應(ying)用研(yan)究非常需要(yao)廣泛。